石炭酸复红染色液又称苯酚品红染色液。该染色液与醋酸洋红有相似之处，醋酸洋红是一种比较常用的碱性染料, 常用于细胞核染色、染色体的固定和染色。生物学上也常用石炭酸复红染色液作观察细胞分裂时染色体形态的染色剂。染色体染色时用醋酸洋红染色液染色, 虽然染色效果较好, 但却存在着染色需时较长的问题。
石炭酸复红染色液常用于植物组织的压片法和涂片法，染液稳定，主要用于染色体染色如体细胞染色体和减数分裂染色，是很好的细胞核、线粒体染色剂。
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